India's Export of Principal Commodities
India's Import of Principal Commodities
India's Agri Exim Trade At a Glance
Agriculture Exports/Imports from India
Constraints of Exports
- Sub-division & fragmented land holdings – average farm size stands at 1.74 hectares.
- Low productivity per unit area.eg:-
| Country | Productivity per HA |
| Productivity of Onion | |
| China | 61.76 mts |
| Australia | 44.51 mts |
| USA | 42.96 mts |
| India | 10.62 mts |
| Productivity of cabbage | |
| World Average | 24093 kgs |
| Uzbekistan | 72083 kgs |
| India | 18261 kgs |
| Productivity of tomato | |
| World Average | 28343 kgs |
| Netherlands | 46667 kgs |
| India | 15143 kgs |
| Productivity of pulses | |
| World Average | 837 kgs |
| Ireland | 4524 kgs |
| India | 584 kgs |
- Unorganised & weak domestic market base.
- Lack of post-harvest infrastructure facilities like collection & grading centres, washing & packing facilities, reefer vans, pre-cooling & cold storages, intermediate cold storages, processing units & export house.
- High interest rates for Agri. Investment as well as Export finance. For eg:- 4 – 6% abroad, whereas in India it is about 16% p.a.
- Unfavourable tax structure in agriculture and food sector. eg:-
| Phillipines & Indonesia (all levies) | - | 10% |
| Netherlands & Finland (all levies) | - | 14% |
| U.K (all levies) | - | 15% |
| China & Ireland (all levies) | - | 17% |
| India (all levies) | - | 25% |
- No clear cut & consistent export policy.
- Apmc cess adds to the cost of production